ICT Lecture 6:
Software refers to set of
programming instructions read by computer processor to perform a particular
task or operation.
Types of Software
There
are mainly two types of software:
1. System
Software
2. Application
Software
1. System Software
includes the programs that manage computer hardware. These are necessary
software proper running of computer system. For example: Operating System (OS),
Compiler, Linker, Loader, Debugger etc.
a. Operating System- An operating
system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware
and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.
Examples
of OS: Windows, Unix, Linux, Mac OS, MS-DOS
b.
Compiler-
A
compiler is a system program which converts high level language program (such
as C++, Java) to low level language (machine language). The input language is
known as source code and output language is known as object code.
c.
Linker-
A linker is
a computer program takes one or more object files generated by a compiler and
combines these into one executable program.
d.
Loader-
It is a
computer program which is responsible for loading programs into main memory and
prepares them for execution.
e.
Debugger-
A
debugger is a software program used to find bugs (errors) in computer program.
The process of finding and removing bugs from computer program is known as debugging.
2.
Application
Software is end user programs that helps user to complete their specific
task. These are not necessary software. For example: Microsoft Office, VLC
media player, Programming software (like C++, Java, .Net), gaming software etc.
UGC NET Previous Years Questions:
1. Which of the following is not a Computer language? (June
2008)
(A)
PASCAL
(B)
UNIX
(C)
FORTRAN
(D)
COBOL
Answer: (B)
Description: Unix is
Operating System not computer language.
2. Errors in computer programs are called: (Dec 2008)
(A) Follies
(B) Mistakes
(C) Bugs
(D) Spam
Answer: (C)
3. A compiler is used to convert the following to object code which can be
executed (Dec 2009)
(A) Low Level
Language
(B) High
Level Language
(C) Natural
Language
(D) Assembly
Language
Answer: (B)
4. Which one of the following is an example of Operating System? (June
2010)
(A) Microsoft
Word
(B) Microsoft
Excel
(C) Microsoft
Access
(D) Microsoft
Windows
Answer: (D)
5. Which one of the following is different from other members? (June
2010)
(A) Google
(B) Windows
(C) Linux
(D) Mac
Answer: (A)
Description:
Google is search engine while Windows, Linux and Mac are operating system.
6. The set of computer programs that manage the hardware/software of a
computer is called (Dec 2010)
(A) Compiler
system
(B) Operation
system
(C) Operating
system
(D) None of
these
Answer: (C)
7. High level programming language can be converted to machine language
using which of the following? (Dec
2011)
(A) Oracle
(B) Compiler
(C) Mat lab
(D) Assembler
Answer: (B)
8. Which of the following
is not a programming language? (Dec
2011)
(A) Pascal
(B) Microsoft Office
(C) Java
(D) C++
Answer: (B)
9. Computer Virus is a (Dec
2012)
(A) Hardware
(B) Bacteria
(C) Software
(D) None of these
Answer: (C)
10. A computer program that translates a program statement by statement
into machine languages is called a/an (June 2013)
(A) Compiler
(B) Simulator
(C) Translator
(D) Interpreter
Answer: (D)
Description:
Both compiler and interpreter are translator and convert high level language program
to low level language. Interpreter translates a program statement by statement
while compiler scans the entire program and converts it into machine language.
11. A Compiler is software
which converts (June 2013)
(A) characters to bits
(B) high level language to machine
language
(C) machine language to high level
language
(D) words to bits
Answer: (B)
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