ICT Lecture 9: IP Address

ICT Lecture 9:

IP Address

An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. IP address has 2 parts: Network and Host part.

IP address has 5 classes:

Class	Range	Leading bit
A	1-127	0
B	128-191	10
C	192-223	110
D	224-239	1110
E	240-255	1111

The most widely used class is class C.

Format of IP address (IPv4)

The size of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four octets separated by dot. For example,

125.10.11.0 (Class A)

151.32.89.250 (Class B)

192.110.30.12  (Class C)

IPv6

It is known as Internet Protocol next generation. IPv6 addresses are 128-bit IP address written in hexadecimal and separated by colons. For example: 31e:190:455:3:1200:f8c1:ff21:67

UGC NET Previous Years Questions:

1. Computers on an internet are identified by (June 2010)

(A) e-mail address

(B) street address

(C) IP address

(D) None of the above

Answer: (C)

2. Which one of the following is not the same as the other three? (June 2014)

(A) MAC address

(B) Hardware address

(C) Physical address

(D) IP address

Answer: (D)

Description: MAC address, Hardware address and Physical address are real address assigned to a machine. The IP address is required by machine that participates in a network that uses internet protocol.

3. Identify the IP address from the following (June 2014)

(A) 300 .215.317.3

(B) 302.215@417.5

(C) 202.50.20.148

(D) 202-50-20-148

Answer: (C)

ICT Lecture 8: Data Structure

ICT Lecture 8:

Data Structure

It is the way of organizing and storing data. There are two types of data structure: Linear and Non-Linear data structure.

Linear Data Structure- In this, there is only one to traverse the data i.e. data can be traversed only in linear fashion. For example: Array, Linked List, Queue, and Stack.

Non- Linear Data Structure- In this, there are more than one way to traverse the data i.e. data can be traversed in non-linear fashion. For example: Tree and Graph.

UGC NET Previous Years Questions:

1. Which one of the following is not a linear data structure? (Dec 2009)

(A) Array

(B) Binary Tree

(C) Queue

(D) Stack

Answer: (B)

ICT Lecture 7: Number System

ICT Lecture 7:

Number System

Number system is a way to represent a set of values in different quantities.

Common number systems are:

Ø  Binary Number System (Base 2)

Ø  Octal Number System (Base 8)

Ø  Decimal Number System (Base 10)

Ø  Hexadecimal Number System (Base 16)

Note: If base (or radix) of any number is ‘r’, then digits allowed in that number system is ‘r-1’. For example, decimal number has base(r) =10, thus any number in decimal is combination of 0 to 9 (i.e. 0 to r-1).

Binary Number System- Binary number system consists of two digits 0 and 1. The base of number is 2. Any number can be represented with combinations of 0s and 1s. The computer system understands machine language which is in form of 0s and 1s. Thus, machine language is also known as binary language.

For example:

Binary number is written as: (1011)₂

Octal Number System- Octal number system consists of eight digits 0 and 7. The base of number is 8. Any number can be represented with combinations of 0 to 7 digits.

For example:

Octal number is written as: (1206)₈

(6785)₈ is not valid octal number because octal number can have digits from 0 to 7.

Decimal Number System- This is the number system that we use in our day to day life. Decimal number system consists of ten digits 0 and 9. The base of number is 10. Any number can be represented with combinations of 0 to 9 digits.

For example:

Decimal number is written as: (1206)₁₀

Hexadecimal Number System- Hexadecimal number system consists of eight digits     0-9, A-F. The base of number is 16. Any number can be represented with combinations of 0 to 9 digits, A-F alphabets.

For example:

Hexadecimal number is written as: (A6)₁₆

Hexadecimal number system consists of 0-9, A-F. Here, A=10, B=11, C=12, D=13, E=14 and F=15.

Number System	Base/Radix	Digits used
Binary	2	0-1
Octal	8	0-7
Decimal	10	0-9
Hexadecimal	16	0-9, A-F

Decimal to Binary Conversion:

For converting a decimal number to binary we have two methods.

Method 1:

Divide the given decimal number by 2 and note down remainder. Then, read these remainders from bottom to top.

For example, (20)₁₀= (?)₂

So, the binary number for given decimal is: (10100)₂  

Method 2:

The binary number is always in the form of 2^x . So, it can be represented by combination of 2⁰, 2¹, 2², 2³, 2⁴,2⁵………. (in reverse).

For example, (20)₁₀= (?)₂

24	23	22	21	20
16	8	4	2	1
1	0	1	0	0

20 can be represented as sum of (16+4).

Thus, write '1' at the place of 16 and 4 and '0' at other places.

  

So, the binary number for given decimal is: (10100)₂

UGC NET Previous Years Questions

1. Which number system is usually followed in a typical 32-bit computer? (June 2010)

(A) 2

(B) 8

(C) 10

(D) 16

Answer: (A)

2. Which one of the following represents the binary equivalent of the decimal number 23? (June 2010)

(A) 01011

(B) 10111

(C) 10011

(D) None of the above

Answer: (B)

Description:

(23)₁₀= (10111)₂
3. The hexadecimal number system consists of the symbols (Dec 2010)

(A) 0 – 7

(B) 0 – 9 , A – F

(C) 0 – 7, A – F

(D) None of these

Answer: (B)

4. The octal number system consists of the following symbols: (June 2011)

 (A) 0 – 7 

 (B) 0 – 9 

 (C) 0 – 9, A – F

 (D) None of the above

Answer: (A)

5. Which one of the following is correct? (Dec 2012)

(A) (17)₁₀ = (17)₁₆

(B) (17)₁₀ = (17)₈

(C) (17)₁₀ = (10111)₂

(D) (17)₁₀ = (10001)₂

Answer: (D)

Description: Using Method 2: (16+1=17)

24	23	22	21	20
16	8	4	2	1
1	0	0	0	1

6. Binary equivalent of decimal number 35 is (Dec 2014)

(A) 100011

(B) 110001

(C) 110101

(D) 101011

Answer: (A)

7. Symbols A-F are used in which one of the following? (Dec 2014)

(A) Binary number system

(B) Decimal number system

(C) Hexadecimal number system

(D) Octal number system

Answer: (C)

8. Which one of the following represents the binary equivalent of the decimal number 25? (June 2015)

(A) 11011         

(B) 10101

(C) 01101         

(D) 11001

Answer: (D)

9. The binary equivalent of the decimal number 48 is 110000, then the binary equivalent of the decimal number 51 is given by (July 2016)

 (1) 110011
 (2) 110010 
 (3) 110001 
 (4) 110100
Answer: (1)